ISRO is preparing for two big missions in December. The agency has the first one coming on December 4 to launch the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Proba-3 mission followed by SPADEX to achieve in-orbit docking of multiple spacecraft. According to Times of India, ISRO Chairman Dr. S Somanath has confirmed that SPADEX will launch on December 20.
The Proba-3 mission
The Proba-3 mission is short for PRoject for On-Board Autonomy and it involves two spacecraft. Together they will create artificial solar eclipses to study the Sun’s corona (outer atmosphere). It will solve mysteries like why it’s hotter than the solar surface and study cause of events like the coronal mass ejections (CME) – expulsion of charged solar particles.
Both the probes will be installed in space in a 600X60,530 km orbit around Earth. The first spacecraft is called the occulter that will block the Sun and the second will be the coronagraph spacecraft to take pictures of the Sun’s corona. According to ESA, the probes will be aligned while being separated by a distance of 150 metres. Besides, the mission will also be helpful on multiple fronts.
“Proba-3 will be a laboratory in space to validate strategies, guidance, navigation and control and other algorithms, such as relative GPS navigation, previously tried in ground simulators,” ESA said.
The twin spacecraft is being readied for its launch by ISRO’s PSLV rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota.
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The SPADEX mission
The SPADEX or Space Docking Experiment mission is meant to demonstrate ISRO’s capabilities of making two satellites rendezvous in orbit.
According to ISRO, the mission includes a ‘Chaser’ that will chase a second satellite dubbed the ‘Target.’
“Subsequent to docking, the Chaser and Target will be separated so that they would carry-out their designated experiments with payloads,” ISRO said. And as part of the experiment, one spacecraft will control the other using the Attitude Control System in docked condition.
This technology, once proven, will be used in Chandrayaan-4 which will be sample collection mission. The sample module will be required to dock with another spacecraft in the Moon’s orbit for a journey back to Earth.
It will also be used to dock segments of the Indian Space Station, first module of which is targeted for launch in 2028.
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