Tech
NASA reveals new moon landing sites. They’re dark and uncharted.
NASA astronauts will land in an eerie place.
Unlike the Apollo missions of over 50 years ago, which touched down near the lunar equator, the space agency’s new moon endeavor will land in the south pole. The reason is clear: That’s where the frozen water is.
NASA has released a refined list of the nine potential places astronauts will land, no earlier than September 2026. The craters and areas preserving the ice are home to some of the coldest temperatures in the solar system, requiring moon suits that will allow astronauts to withstand temperatures of minus 334 degrees Fahrenheit. It’s a region where the sun barely rises over the lunar hills, creating profoundly long shadows and dim environs.
“The moon’s south pole is a completely different environment than where we landed during the Apollo missions,” Sarah Noble, NASA’s Artemis lunar science lead, said in a statement. “It offers access to some of the moon’s oldest terrain, as well as cold, shadowed regions that may contain water and other compounds. Any of these landing regions will enable us to do amazing science and make new discoveries.”
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You can see the proposed spots in the image below, a mosaic of images captured by the space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Many of the craters, as you can see, are deeply shadowed (hence their official designation of “Permanently Shadowed Regions,” or PSRs).
The nine candidate landing regions for NASA’s Artemis III mission, all located in the lunar South Pole.
Credit: NASA
The ice isn’t just integral for the air and water needed to sustain a moon base. It can also be used for rocket fuel (oxygen and hydrogen are primary ingredients in many rocket fuels) and employed as radiation protection (walls of water, or ice, can block dangerous particles from the sun or deep space from impacting human bodies). Though lunar laws are still murky, no one can legally claim any territory or sovereignty on the moon, as directed by the Outer Space Treaty. But nations are free to explore the moon, which will necessitate extracting materials to stay alive and achieve scientific goals.
NASA will now continue to refine the specific landing sites. For example, they must consider what sites have the best scientific potential, access to ice, and opportunities for the forthcoming Lunar Terrain Vehicle, which will allow astronauts “to go farther and conduct more science than ever before,” the agency explained.
A major component of the Artemis campaign is to prepare astronauts for deeper space exploration, such as potential journeys to Mars in the late 2030s. But first, they’ll have to land on the moon in the coming years — a feat that remains daunting even 55 years after Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin settled down on the chalky lunar ground.
Tech
OpenAI has hired the co-founder of Twitter challenger Pebble
Gabor Cselle, the former CEO and co-founder of X challenger Pebble, has joined OpenAI to work on a secretive project.
Cselle, who according to LinkedIn has been employed at OpenAI since October, announced the news in a post on X yesterday. “Will share more about what I’m working on in due time,” he wrote. “Learning a lot already.”
Cselle is a repeat founder who sold his first company, the Y Combinator-based mobile email startup reMail, to Google. His second company, the native advertising startup Namo Media, he sold to Twitter before Elon Musk purchased the social network and rebranded it to X.
Nearly a decade ago, Cselle worked at Twitter as a group product manager, focusing on the home timeline, user onboarding, and logged-out experiences. Cselle left Twitter in 2016 for Google, where he was director at the tech giant’s Area 120 incubator for spin-offs.
Cselle began working on Pebble, originally called T2, in 2022 with Michael Greer, Discord’s ex-engineering head. Pebble, whose microblogging service emphasized safety and moderation, grew to a small but engaged community and raised funding from angles including Android co-founder Rich Miner.
Ultimately, though, Pebble struggled to maintain meaningful growth. The company shut down last October, reemerging as a Mastodon instance in November.
In May, Cselle joined the accelerator South Park Commons, where he worked on a range of generative AI prototypes including an homage to the viral HQ Trivia.
Csell’s hiring reveal comes the same weekend as OpenAI rival Anthropic gains its own high-profile recruit: Embark founder Alex Rodrigues. Rodrigues, who led autonomous trucking firm Embark through a SPAC merger in 2021 (and subsequent fire sale to Applied Intuition in 2023), said on Friday that he’d be joining Anthropic as an AI safety researcher.
Tech
Women in AI: Sophia Velastegui believes AI is moving too fast
As a part of TechCrunch’s ongoing Women in AI series, which seeks to give AI-focused women academics and others their well-deserved (and overdue) time in the spotlight, TechCrunch interviewed Sophia Velastegui. Velastegui is a member of the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) national AI advisory committee and the former chief AI officer at Microsoft’s business software division.
Velastegui didn’t plan on having a career in AI. She studied mechanical engineering as a Georgia Tech undergrad. But after a job at Apple in 2009, she became fascinated by apps — especially AI-powered ones.
“I started to recognize that AI-infused products resonated with customers, thanks to the feeling of personalization,” Velastegui told TechCrunch. “The possibilities seemed endless for developing AI that could make our lives better at small and large scale, and I wanted to be a part of that revolution. So I started seeking out AI-focused projects and took every opportunity to expand from there.”
AI-forward career
Velastegui worked on the first MacBook Air — and first iPad — and soon after was prompted to product manager for all of Apple’s laptops and accessories. A few years later, Velastegui moved into Apple’s special projects group, where she helped to develop CarPlay, iCloud, Apple Maps, and Apple’s data pipeline and AI systems.
In 2015, Velastegui joined Google as head of silicon architecture and director of the company’s Nest-branded product line. After a brief stint at audio tech company Doppler Labs, she accepted a job offer at Microsoft as general manager of AI products and search.
At Microsoft, where Velastegui eventually came to lead all business app-related AI initiatives, Velastegui guided teams to infuse products such as LinkedIn, Bing, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Azure with AI. She also spearheaded internal explorations and projects built with GPT-3, OpenAI’s text-generating model, to which Microsoft had recently acquired the exclusive license.
“My time at Microsoft truly stands out,” Velastegui said. “I joined the company when it was in the midst of huge changes under CEO Satya Nadella’s leadership. Mentors and peers advised me against making that jump in 2017 because they viewed Microsoft as lagging in the industry. But in a short window, Microsoft had started making real headway in AI, and I wanted in.”
Velastegui left Microsoft in 2022 to start a consulting firm and head product development at Aptiv, the automotive tech company. She joined the NSF’s AI committee, which collaborates with industry, academia, and government to support basic AI research, in 2023.
Navigating the industry
Asked how she navigates the challenges of the male-dominated tech industry, Velastegui credited the women she considers to be her strongest mentors. It’s important that women support each other, Velastegui says — and, perhaps more importantly, that men stand up for their female co-workers.
“For women in tech, if you’ve ever been part of a transformation, adoption, or change management, you have a right to be at the table, so don’t be afraid to take your seat there,” Velastegui said. “Raise your hand to take on more AI responsibilities, whether it’s part of your current job or a stretch project. The best managers will support you and encourage you to keep pushing ahead. But if that’s not feasible in your 9-5, seek out communities or university programs where you can be part of the AI team.”
A lack of diverse viewpoints in the workplace (i.e. AI teams made up mostly of men) can lead to groupthink, Velastegui notes, which is why she advocates that women share feedback as often as they can.
“I strongly encourage more women to get involved in AI so our voices, experiences, and points of view are included at this critical inception point where foundational AI technologies are being defined for now and the future,” she said. “It’s critical that women in every industry really lean into AI. When we join the conversation, we can help shape the industry and change that power imbalance.”
Velastegui says that her work now, with the NSF, focuses on tackling outstanding fundamental issues in AI, like a lack of what she calls “digital representation.” Biases and prejudices pervade today’s AI, she avers, in part due to the homogenous makeup of the companies developing it.
“AI is being trained on data from developers, but developers are mostly men with specific perspectives, and represent a very small subset of the 8 billion people in the world,” she said. “If we’re not including women as developers and if women aren’t providing feedback as users, then AI will not represent them at all.”
Balancing innovation and safety
Velastegui sees the AI industry’s breakneck pace as a “huge issue” — absent a common ethical safety framework, that is. Such a framework, were it ever to be widely embraced, could allow developers to build systems with speed without stifling innovation, she believes.
But she’s not counting on it.
“We’ve never seen technology this transformative evolve at such a relentless pace,” Velastegui said. “People, regulation, legacy systems … nothing has ever had to keep up at the current speed of AI. The challenge becomes how to stay informed, up-to-date, and forward-thinking, while also aware of the dangers if we move too fast.”
How can a company — or developer — create AI products responsibly today? Velastegui champions a “human-centered” approach with learning from past mistakes and prioritizing the well-being of users at its core.
“Companies should empower a diverse, cross-functional AI council that reviews issues and provides recommendations that reflect the current environment,” Velastegui said, “and create channels for regular feedback and oversight that will adapt as the AI system evolves. And there should be channels for regular feedback and oversight that will adapt as AI systems evolves.”
Tech
Meta is making a robot hand that can ‘feel’ touch
Meta says it’s partnering with sensor firm GelSight and Wonik Robotics, a South Korean robotics company, to commercialize tactile sensors for AI.
The new devices aren’t meant for consumers. Rather, they’re intended for scientists. Meta says it envisions them being used to advance research into AI that can “learn about the world in richer detail” and “better understand and model the physical world.”
GelSight will work with Meta to bring to market Digit 360, which Meta describes as a “a tactile fingertip with human-level multimodal sensing capabilities.” The successor to Meta’s Digit sensor, Digit 360 digitizes touch signals, using an on-device AI chip and roughly 18 “sensing features” to detect changes in its surroundings.
“We developed a touch-perception-specific optical system with a wide field of view … for capturing omnidirectional deformations on the fingertip surface,” Meta explained in a blog post. “Additionally, we equipped the sensor with many sensing modalities, since each touch interaction with the environment has a unique profile produced by the mechanical, geometrical, and chemical properties of a surface to perceive vibrations, sense heat, and even smell odor.”
Digit 360 will be available for purchase next year, and Meta’s launched a call for proposals through which researchers can gain early access.
Meta’s work with Wonik will focus on a new generation of Wonik’s Allegro Hand, a robotic hand with tactile sensors like Digit 360. Building on a platform Meta developed to integrate sensors on a single robot hand, the upcoming Allegro Hand will feature control boards that encode data from the tactile sensors onto a host computer.
The Allegro Hand will be available starting next year.
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